Antibodies are valuable tools in the laboratory and clinic. Antibodies include those secreted
by a single clone of B lymphocytes, termed monoclonal antibodies, and those produced by a …

Models to measure potency in vaccine research and development and preclinical testing
are frequently based on an immunization–challenge procedure in laboratory animals. These …

In vivo assays play a crucial role in the assessment of the potency and safety of human
vaccines. Robust vaccine production procedures, improved characterisation methods and …

This is the report of the eleventh of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre
for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECV AM), which was established in 1991 by the …

This is the report of the twenty-ninth of a series of workshops organised by the European
Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in …

This study focused on the effects of different enriched environments for mice in a number of
behavioral and physiological parameters in 2 routine laboratory testing procedures: potency …

This is the report of the thirty-fifth of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre
for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM’s main goal, as defined in 1993 …

We evaluated the side effects induced by injection of Freund's adjuvant (FA) and alternative
adjuvants combined with different antigens. Rabbits and mice were injected subcutaneously…

Reliable recognition of pain is difficult in ferrets as many currently available parameters are
non-specific, inconsistent and/or impractical. Grimace scales have successfully been applied …

The multibillion-dollar global antibody industry produces an indispensable resource but that
is generated using millions of animals. Despite the irrefutable maturation and availability of …