One of the major functions of mononuclear phagocytes, ie, monocytes and macrophages, is
the phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms. To obtain more insight into the …

Background To assess the genetic influence on cytokine production and its contribution to
fatal outcome, we determined the capacity to produce tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and …

Chest X-ray (CXR), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography–computed
tomography (PET-CT) are noninvasive imaging techniques widely used in human and …

Various new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates in combination with new delivery systems,
including subunit vaccines, are currently being evaluated by a number of laboratories. One …

TNF-α production in whole blood cultures upon stimulation with LPS was determined in 179
individuals from 61 families in order to characterise the magnitude of inherited differences in …

Despite the widespread use of bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection remains globally the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. …

SIR—We have presented evidence that patients with an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile—ie,
low production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high production of interleukin-…

The mammalian virome has been linked to health and disease but our understanding of how
it is structured along the longitudinal axis of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and …

In humans, sterile immunity against malaria can be consistently induced through exposure
to the bites of thousands of irradiated infected mosquitoes. The same level of protection has …

M.bovis BCG vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) notoriously displays variable protective
efficacy in different human populations. In non-human primate studies using rhesus …