Aerosols affect the climate system by changing cloud characteristics in many ways. They act
as cloud condensation and ice nuclei, they may inhibit freezing and they could have an …

Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on
cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made …

The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased
enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500–2000 papers per year …

Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black carbon
is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties. This …

The Earth's climate is determined by a number of complex connected physical, chemical and
biological processes occurring in the atmosphere, land and ocean. The radiative properties …

Clouds and aerosols continue to contribute the largest uncertainty to estimates and
interpretations of the Earth’s changing energy budget. This chapter focuses on process …

accepted by Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change but not
approved in detail "Acceptance" of IPCC Reports at a Session of the Working Group or Panel …

ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is
described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of shortwave …

The AeroCom exercise diagnoses multi-component aerosol modules in global modeling. In
an initial assessment simulated global distributions for mass and mid-visible aerosol optical …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …