Plants have served as the scaffolding of terrestrial ecosystems for hundreds ofmillions of
years. Era-appropriate vegetation function and distribution are critical toresolve Earth’s natural …

Magnetic reconnection is an important plasma process for which the conversion from the
magnetic energy into the flow energy occurs. Conventionally, studies of magnetic reconnection …

Magnetic reconnection efficiently converts magnetic energy into particle kinetic energy. The
energy release by magnetic reconnection is important for a wide range of systems, such as …

Although magnetic reconnection has been successfully used to explain many different
astrophysical phenomena, it has yet to demonstrate some key properties observed in smaller …

Galton-Watson branching processes of relevance to human population dynamics are the
subject of this thesis. We begin with an historical survey of the invention of the invention of this …

We use the observed variation of burst properties of x-ray burst sources, with the persistent
flux to determine if nuclear reactions are proceeding in a carbon poor or carbon rich …

A Malmberg-Penning electron trap allows for the experimental study of nearly ideal, two-dimensional
(2D) inviscid (Euler) hydrodynamics. This is perhaps the simplest case of self …

… A portable pH meter was used to test the pH of the meat samples after 45 min, 24 h and
48 h (Matthaeus pH Star, Germany). At 45 min after slaughter, the color attributes of the meat, …

Immiscible multiphase flows are encountered in many engineering applications. However,
due to the complicated interfacial topologies and complex flow dynamics, the basic …

A turbulent system transfers energy from large scales to progressively smaller scales until it
is ultimately dissipated as heat. At intermediate length scales, this energy transfer mostly …