We give an overview of a glacio-meteorological experiment carried out in the summer (melt
season) of 1996 on the largest European ice cap, Vatnajökull, Iceland (area 8000 km 2 ; …

Observed climate change and variability (for definitions, see the IPCC Glossary, Appendix I)
are considered in this chapter by addressing seven commonly asked questions related to …

• The estimate of warming since the late 19th century has not significantly changed since the
estimates in IPCC (1990) and IPCC (1992), although the data have been reanalysed, and …

… Oerlemans J (1986) An attempt to simulate historic front variations of Nigardsbreen, Norway.
Theor Appl Climatol 37 : 126—135 Oerlemans J (1989) A projection of future sea level. …

Recent field programs on glaciers have supplied information that makes simulation of glacier
mass balance with meteorological models meaningful. An estimate of world-wide glacier …

Continuous Global Positioning System observations reveal rapid and large ice velocity
fluctuations in the western ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Within days, ice velocity …

I constructed a temperature history for different parts of the world from 169 glacier length
records. Using a first-order theory of glacier dynamics, I related changes in glacier length to …

Records of glacier fluctuations compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service can be used
to derive an independent estimate of global warming during the last 100 years. Records of …

Confidence in projections of global-mean sea level rise (GMSLR) depends on an ability to
account for GMSLR during the twentieth century. There are contributions from ocean thermal …

This text brings together meteorology and the theory of glacier flow, providing a fundamental
understanding of how glaciers respond to climate change. Attention is paid to the …