The general concept of animal welfare embraces a continuum between negative/bad welfare
and positive/good welfare. Early approaches to defining animal welfare were mainly based …

Recent data on learning-related changes in animal and human auditory cortex indicate functions
beyond mere stimulus representation and simple recognition memory for stimuli. Rather…

Humans are able to classify novel items correctly by category 1 , 2 ; some other animals
have also been shown to do this 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . During category learning, humans group …

Selective breeding programmes in domestic and laboratory animals generally focus on
physiological and/or anatomical characteristics. However, selection may have an (unintended) …

This study examines the role of auditory cortex in the Mongolian gerbil in differential conditioning
to pure tones and to linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones by analyzing the effects …

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is suggested to be a potentially useful
treatment in major depression. In order to optimize rTMS for therapeutic use, it is necessary to …

Primary sensory cortex integrates sensory information from afferent feedforward thalamocortical
projection systems and convergent intracortical microcircuits. Both input systems have …

We describe a modified hole board (mHB) paradigm as a test for unconditioned behavior in
rodents that is aimed at analyzing a variety of behavioral dimensions. We demonstrate that …

Psychophysical experiments have shown that the discrimination of human vowels chiefly
relies on the frequency relationship of the first two peaks F1 and F2 of the vowel’s spectral …

The dynamics of complex neural networks must include the aspects of long- and short-term
memory. The behavior of the network is characterized by an equation of neural activity as a …