▪ Abstract Nonpathogenic rhizobacteria can induce a systemic resistance in plants that is
phenotypically similar to pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Rhizobacteria-…

The diversity of microbes associated with plant roots is enormous, in the order of tens of
thousands of species. This complex plant-associated microbial community, also referred to as …

Inducible defense-related proteins have been described in many plant species upon infection
with oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, or viruses, or insect attack. Several types of proteins are …

Plant hormones have pivotal roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and
reproduction. Additionally, they emerged as cellular signal molecules with key functions in the …

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic
resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–…

Plants live in complex environments in which they intimately interact with a broad range of
microbial pathogens with different lifestyles and infection strategies. The evolutionary arms …

Plants are equipped with an array of defense mechanisms to protect themselves against
attack by herbivorous insects and microbial pathogens. Some of these defense mechanisms …

Plants have the ability to acquire an enhanced level of resistance to pathogen attack after
being exposed to specific biotic stimuli. In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing …

Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens or colonization of plant roots with certain
beneficial microbes causes the induction of a unique physiological state called “ priming”. The …

Plant defenses against pathogens and insects are regulated differentially by cross-communicating
signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play …