Objectives To assess the current practice of propensity score (PS) analysis in the medical
literature, particularly the assessment and reporting of balance on confounders. Study Design …

Background A non-inferiority (NI) trial is intended to show that the effect of a new treatment
is not worse than the comparator. We conducted a review to identify how NI trials were …

Background Unmeasured confounding is one of the principal problems in pharmacoepidemiologic
studies. Several methods have been proposed to detect or control for unmeasured …

Background Delirium is frequently diagnosed in critically ill patients and is associated with
adverse outcome. Impaired cholinergic neurotransmission seems to have an important role in …

Although missing outcome data are an important problem in randomized trials and observational
studies, methods to address this issue can be difficult to apply. Using simulated data, …

Background A ubiquitous issue in research is that of selecting a representative sample from
the study population. While random sampling strategies are the gold standard, in practice, …

Background Long-term data from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated
renal angiomyolipoma (angiomyolipoma) are limited. Study Design Retrospective …

Objective To develop and prospectively evaluate a method of epileptic seizure detection
combining heart rate and movement. Methods In this multicenter, in-home, prospective, video-…

Background Orphan drug development faces numerous challenges, including low disease
prevalence, patient population heterogeneity, and strong presence of paediatric patient …

Background It is well recognized that treatment effects may not be homogeneous across the
study population. Subgroup analyses constitute a fundamental step in the assessment of …