Respiratory infectious diseases are mainly caused by viruses or bacteria that often interact
with one another. Although their presence is a prerequisite for subsequent infections, viruses …

OBJECTIVES: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) remains one of the most common
childhood chronic infectious diseases worldwide. Although microbial, immunological, and …

An international group of multidisciplinary experts on middle-ear and paediatric infections met
to explore where consensus exists on the management of acute otitis media. After informal …

We report the clinical and immunologic features and outcome in 56 patients with X-linked
hyper-IgM syndrome, a disorder caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene. Upper and …

Background Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines prevent pneumococcal
disease in infants, but their efficacy against pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in …

Rationale: Many bacterial pathogens causing respiratory infections in children are common
residents of the respiratory tract. Insight into bacterial colonization patterns and microbiota …

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for suspected early-onset neonatal sepsis (sEONS) may have
pronounced effects on gut microbiome development and selection of antimicrobial resistance …

Background . The 92 capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae differ greatly in
nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence, invasiveness, and disease incidence. There has been …

Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory
tract infections and hospitalizations in infants worldwide. Known risk factors, however, …

The early-life microbiome appears to be affected by mode of delivery, but this effect may
depend on intrapartum antibiotic exposure. Here, we assess the effect of delivery mode on gut …