In this article, the modeling of subsurface virus transport under saturated conditions and the
factors that affect adsorption and inactivation are evaluated. Both equilibrium and kinetic …

Escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms are of major importance as indicators of fecal
contamination of water. Due to its negative surface charge and relatively low die-off or …

Temperature is considered as the major factor determining virus inactivation in the environment.
Food industries, therefore, widely apply temperature as virus inactivating parameter. …

Flooding and heavy rainfall have been associated with waterborne infectious disease
outbreaks, however, it is unclear to which extent they pose a risk for public health. Here, risks of …

Removal of model viruses by dune recharge was studied at a field site in the dune area of
Castricum, Netherlands. Recharge water was dosed with bacteriophages MS2 and PRD1 for …

Bathing water compliant with bathing water legislation may nevertheless contain pathogens
to such a level that they pose unacceptable health risks for swimmers. Quantitative …

The decimal elimination capacity (DEC) of slow sand filters (SSF) for viruses, bacteria and
oocysts of Cryptosporidium has been assessed from full-scale data and pilot plant and …

Objective: To determine whether an outbreak of otitis externa was due to bathing in recreational
fresh water lakes and to establish whether the outbreak was caused by Pseudomonas …

The water in the canals and some recreational lakes in Amsterdam is microbiologically
contaminated through the discharge of raw sewage from houseboats, sewage effluent, and dog …

Bacteriophage removal by soil passage in two field studies was re-analyzed with the goal to
investigate differences between one- and two-dimensional modeling approaches, …