Copper (Cu) and its alloys are used extensively in domestic and industrial applications. Cu
is also an essential element in mammalian nutrition. Since both copper deficiency and …

This paper presents the work of an expert group established by the International Life
Sciences Institute – European branch (ILSI Europe) to follow up the recommendations of an …

The present review reports on the mathematical methods and statistical techniques presently
available for hazard characterisation. The state of the art of mathematical modelling and …

Mathematical models are useful tools for studying many problems in the environmental and
public health area. For a reliable development and application of these models …

This paper deals with the calculation of Hazardous Concentrations of toxic substances from
small sets of laboratory toxicity data, eg, NOECs. A procedure due to Van Straalen and …

A family of (nested) dose-response models is introduced herein that can be used for describing
the change in any continuous endpoint as a function of dose. A member from this family …

The Scientific Committee ( SC ) reconfirms that the benchmark dose ( BMD ) approach is a
scientifically more advanced method compared to the NOAEL approach for deriving a …

Endocrine effects of the brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) were
studied in a one-generation reproduction assay in Wistar rats via repeated dietary exposure, …

A 28-day repeated dose study in rats (OECD407) enhanced for endocrine and immune
parameters was performed with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Rats were exposed by daily …

The use of uncertainty factors in the standard method for deriving acceptable intake or exposure
limits for humans, such as the Reference Dose (RfD), may be viewed as a conservative …